A new graphene-based method opens the door to safer, more environmentally friendly energy storage by increasing the lifespan of zinc-ion batteries by 50%.

Scientists from the National Graphene Institute at the University of Manchester and the University of Technology Sydney have developed a new technique to prolong the life of zinc-ion batteries, offering a safer and greener energy storage option. The results were published in Nature Communications.

A novel lattice-wide strain mechanism is triggered by a two-dimensional (2D) manganese-oxide/graphene superlattice that the researchers created. This technique greatly increases the structural integrity of the cathode material, enabling the battery to operate consistently for up to 5,000 cycles of charging and discharging. Compared to modern zinc-ion batteries, that is roughly 50% longer. This study offers a promising route toward expandable water-based energy storage systems.

At the core of the innovation is the Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect (CJTE). Manganese ions (Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺) in a 1:1 ratio produce a lattice deformation. When paired with a layered 2D structure on graphene, this ratio results in uniform strain over a long distance. This strain aids in the cathode's ability to endure deterioration over time.

As a result, an inexpensive, aqueous zinc-ion battery is produced that is more robust and does not present the same safety risks as lithium-ion cells.

When it comes to stationary storage—which includes storing renewable energy for homes, businesses, and the electrical grid—zinc-ion batteries are frequently thought of as a viable substitute. However, their actual applicability has been limited because of their short lifetime. The work illustrates how atomic-level chemical control might get over the obstacle.

In an effort to make the production of zinc-ion batteries more practical, the researchers also demonstrated that their synthesis process can be scaled up using water-based techniques that do not need for dangerous solvents or high temperatures.