By converting CO₂ into CO in living cells using gold nanoflowers and SERS imaging, researchers are able to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Through the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a sophisticated optical technique, researchers from National Taiwan University and associates have created a novel way to observe and track the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into carbon monoxide (CO) inside living cells.

In order to develop a nanocatalyst that can convert CO₂ to CO inside nerve cells, the scientists designed unique gold nanoflowers embellished with rhenium complexes (Re@Au). In addition to accelerating the process, these nanostructures also improve the Raman signal, enabling scientists to "see" the reaction taking place in real time. Crucially, 3D Raman images—a non-invasive technique that offers precise, spatial insights into the chemical processes taking place within living cells—was used to do this.

Their research showed that the Re@Au nanocatalysts transform CO₂ into CO with great selectivity and no hazardous byproducts when exposed to light. Notably, it has been demonstrated that the CO generated inside the cells increases neurite development and lowers amyloid-beta protein levels, two outcomes that are important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

This groundbreaking study shows how to see chemical interactions in the context of their native cells. The discovery creates new opportunities for the development of light-controlled therapeutics based on gas molecules like CO by fusing nanotechnology, photochemistry, and biomedical imaging.

It is hoped that this discovery will lead to future catalytic medicines that can be precisely triggered inside the human body, according to Prof. Kien Voon Kong.