Kazem Jalali, the Iranian ambassador to Russia, stated that the increasing contact between the two nations since the last treaty was signed necessitated a new agreement.

On January 17, 2025, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed a comprehensive strategic partnership contract in Moscow. It replaces the comprehensive agreement that was signed in 2001 and ended in 2021 between the two nations. The 47 provisions of the new pact, which will be in effect for 20 years, address a variety of topics, including commerce, investment, security, energy, and culture.

Russia is more susceptible to Western Defense military and non-military measures as a result of the war against Ukraine. The conflict has taken a heavy toll on Russia, as seen by its deployment of Iranian-made and supplied Shahed drones and the involvement of North Korean forces.

In addition, there are serious issues as a result of the Western sanctions placed on the Russian economy. More leeway for Russia is required due to the position of the United States during the Biden administration and the unclear future of Russia-United States ties, even with Trump elected president.

Trump's return is terrible news for Iran. He imposed severe economic penalties and unilaterally withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action about Iran's nuclear program as part of his "maximum pressure" campaign on Tehran during his previous term in office. Trump is expected to take an even more aggressive stand on Iran.